Bibliography for "Dr. Melissa Palmer's Guide To Hepatitis And Liver Disease" ( 2004 Penguin Putnam)
Chapter 3: Tests, Tests, Tests—Learning What You Need to Know
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Dufour, Robert. Laboratory Guidelines for Screening, Diagnosis and monitoring of Hepatic Injury. Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines Volume 12/2000.
American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement: Evaluation of Liver Chemistry Tests. Gastroenterology 2002;123:1364-1366.
Chapter 5. Liver Bioipsy
Bravo, Arturo, et al “Liver Biopsy” NEJM Vol 344, No 7 p 495-500 2001.
Cadranel, JF et al. “ Practices of liver biopsy in France” Hepatology 2000; 32: 477-481.
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Chapter 6: A Look at Cirrhosis
Sorensen, Henrik Toft, et al. “Risk of Liver and Other Types of Cancer in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Denmark.” Hepatology 28 (1998): pp. 921–925.
Forns, X et al. “ Identification of chronic hepatitis C without hepatic fibrosis by a simple predictive model”. Hepatology 2002; 36: 986-992.
Afdhal, Nezam.” Diagnosing fibrosis in Hepatitis C: is the pendulum swinging from Biopsy to Blood Tests?” Hepatology Vol 37. no 5 2003
Poynard, Thierry, et al. “ Diagnosing Fibrosis in Hepatitis C” Hepatology May 2003, Vol 37, No 5
Shiratori,Y et al. “Is Hepatic Fibrosis Reversible With Therapy in Hepatitis C? Ann Intern Med 2000; 132: 517-524.
Bonis, Peter, “Is Liver Fibrosis Reversible ?” NEJM Vol 344 No 6 Feb 2001.
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Dufour,JF et al. “Regression of hepatitis Fibrosis in hepatitis C with long-term Interferon treatment” Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43: 2573-6.
Sobesky, R et al. “Modeling the impact of interferon alfa treatment on liver fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C : a dynamic view. Gastroenterology 1999; 126: 981-5.
Poynard, T et al. “ Impact of PegInterferon and Ribavirin on Liver Fibrosis”. Gastro 2002;122 1303-1313.
Ferenci, Peter et al. “Hepatic Encephalopathy- definition, Nomenclature, Diagnosis, and Quantification: Final Report of the Working Party at the 11th World Congresses of gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998. Hepatology 2002; 35: 716-721.
Chapter 7: An Overall Look at Hepatitis
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Okamoto, Hiroaki. “Fecal Excretion of a Nonenveloped DNA Virus (TTV) Associated with Posttransfusion Non-A-G Hepatitis.” Journal of Medical Virology 56 (1998): pp. 128–132.
Chapter 8: Understanding and Treating Hepatitis A
Faust, R.L., et al. “Acute Renal Failure Associated with Nonfulminant Hepatitis A Viral Infection.” American Journal of Gastroenterology 91 (1996): pp. 369–372.
Inman, R.D., et al. “Arthritis, Vasculitis, and Cryoglobulinemia Associated with Relapsing Hepatitis A Virus Infection.” Annals of Internal Medicine 105 (1986): pp. 700–703.
Hoofnagle, J.H. “Fulminant Hepatic Failure: Summary of A Workshop.” Hepatology 21 (1995): pp. 240–252.
Huppertz, H.I., et al. “Autoimmune Hepatitis Following Hepatitis A Virus Infection.” Journal of Hepatology 23(2) (August 1995): pp. 204–208
Keefe, E.B. “Is Hepatitis A More Severe in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B and Other Chronic Liver Diseases?” American Journal of Gastroenterology 90 (1995): pp. 201–205.
Keefe, E.B., et al. “Safety and Immunogenicity of Hepatitis A Vaccine in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease.” Hepatology (March 1998): pp. 881–886.
Leino, T., et al. “Hepatitis A Outbreak Amongst Intravenous Amphetamine Abusers in Finland.” Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 29 (1997): pp. 213–216.
Melnick, J.L. “History and Epidemiology of Hepatitis A Virus.” Journal of Infectious Diseases 171 (Suppl. 1) (1995): pp. 52–58.
“Prevention of Hepatitis A Through Active or Passive Immunization. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report CDC Vol. 45., No. RR-15 (December 27, 1996).
Mijch, A.M., et al. “Clinical, Serologic and Epidemiologic Aspects of the Hepatitis A Infection.” Seminars in Liver Disease 6 (1986): pp. 42–45.
Shapiro, C.N., et al. “Epidemiology of Hepatitis A. Seroepidemiology and Risk Groups in the USA.” Vaccine 10 (1992):59.
Vento, S., et al. “Identification of Hepatitis A Virus as a Trigger for Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis Type 1 in Susceptible Individuals.” Lancet 337 (1991): pp. 1183–1186.
Vento, S., et al. “Fulminant Hepatitis Associated with Hepatitis A Superinfection in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C.” New England Journal of Medicine 338 (1998): pp. 286–290.
Villano, S.A., et al. “Hepatitis A Among Homosexual Men and Injection Drug Users: More Evidence for Vaccination.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 25 (1997): pp. 726–728.
Williams, I., et al. “Association Between Chronic Liver Disease and Death from Hepatitis A, United States, 1989–92.” Presented at the Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, Rome, April 21–25, 1996. Abstract.
Willner, I.R. “Serious Hepatitis A: An Analysis of Patients Hospitalized During an Urban Epidemic in the United States.” Annals of Internal Medicine 128 (1998): pp. 111–114.
Yao, G. “Clinical Spectrum and Natural History of Viral Hepatitis A in A 1988 Shanghai Epidemic.” In: Hollinger FB., et al. Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease Baltimore: William and Wilkins, (1991): pp. 76–78.
Chapter 9: Understanding Hepatitis B and D
Lok, Anna, et al. “Management of Hepatitis B: 2000 Summary of Workshop” Gastroenterology 2001; 120: 1828-1853.
Lok Anna et al “ Chronic Hepatitis B” AASLD Practice Guidelines Hepatology Vol 34, No 6, 2001.
Baumert, Thomas et al “ Hepatitis B Virus Mutants” Viral Hepatitis Reviews. 2000 Vol 6 no 1-4 177-192
Lok Anna et al. “ Hepatitis B” Seminars in Liver Disease Feb 2003 Vol 23 No 1.
Bianco, Celso. New York Blood Center Analysis 1998.
Fattovich, B., Giovanna, et al. “Natural Course and Prognosis of Chronic Hepatitis Type.” Viral Hepatitis Reviews Vol. 2, No. 4 (1996): pp. 263–276.
Denniston, K.J., et al. “Cloned Fragment of the Hepatitis Delta Virus RNA Genome: Sequence and Diagnostic Application.” Science 232 (1986): pp. 873–875.
DiBisceglie, Adrian M. Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention “Hepatitis C Virus” edited by Richard A. Willson. Marcel Dekker, Inc. (1997): pp. 217–238.
Dienstag, J.L. “Hepatitis B as an Immune Complex Disease.” Seminars in Liver Disease 1 (1981): pp. 45–57.
Gimson, A.W.Y., et al. “Clinical and Prognostic Differences in Fulminant Hepatitis Type A, B, and Non-A Non-B.” Gut 24 (1983): p. 1194.
Hoofnagle, J.D.A. “Serologic Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Viral Hepatitis.” Seminars in Liver Disease 11 (1991): pp. 73–78.
Inman, R.D. “Rheumatic Manifestations of Hepatitis B Virus Infection.” Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 11 (1982): pp. 406–420.
Kowdley, Kris V. “The Role of Iron in Chronic Viral Hepatitis: Implications for Therapy.” in Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis Treatment Prevention edited by Richard A. Willson. Marcel Dekker, Inc. (1997): pp. 505–520.
Lai, K.N., et al. “The Clinico-Pathologic Features of Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Glomerulonephritis.” Quarterly Journal of Medicine 63 (1987): pp. 323–333.
Lai, K.N., et al. “Membranous Nephropathy Related to Hepatitis B Virus in Adults.” New England Journal of Medicine 324 (1991): pp. 1457–1463.
Lee, William M., M.D., “Hepatitis B Virus Infection, “ New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 337, No. 24 (December 11, 1997): pp. 1733–1745.
Liang, T.J., et al. “A Hepatitis B Virus Mutant Associated with An Epidemic of Fulminant Hepatitis.” New England Journal of Medicine 324 (1991): pp. 1705–1709.
Lin, H-H, et al. “Natural Course of Patients with Chronic Type B Hepatitis Following Acute Delta Hepatitis Superinfection.” Liver 9 (1989): pp. 129–134.
Lisker-Melman, M., et al. “Glomerulonephritis Caused by Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Treatment with Recombinant Human Alpha-Interferon.” Annals of Internal Medicine 111 (1989): pp. 479–483.
Mcmahon, B.J., et al. “Hepatitis B-Related Sequelae: Prospective Study in 1400 Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Positive Alaska Native Carriers.” Archives of Internal Medicine 150 (1990): pp. 1051–1054.
Marcellin, P., et al. “Redevelopment of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen After Renal Transplantation.” Gastroenterology 100 (1991): pp. 1432–1434.
Margolis, H.S., et al. “Hepatitis B: Evolving Epidemiology and Implications for Control.” Seminars in Liver Disease 11 (1991): pp. 84–92.
Martin, B.A., et al. “Hepatitis B Reactivation Following Allogenic Bone Marrow Transplantation: Case Report and Review of the Literature.” Bone Marrow Transplantation 15 (1995): pp. 145–148.
Pease, C., et al. “Arthritis as the Main Or Only Symptom of Hepatitis B Infection.” Postgrad Medicine 61 (1985): pp. 545–547.
Rehermann, Barbara. “Hepatitis B Virus: Molecular Biology and Immunopathology—Experimental and Clinical Features,” edited by Richard A. Willson. Marcel Dekker, Inc. (1997): pp. 85–118.
Rizzetto, M., et al. “Chronic Hepatitis in Carriers of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen with Intrahepatic Expression of Delta Antigen: An Active and Progressive Disease Unresponsive to Immunosuppressive Treatment.” Annals of Internal Medicine 98 (1983): pp. 437–441.
Rogers, Steven. “Hepatitis B Virus: Clinical Disease—Prevention and Therapy.” edited by Richard A. Willson. Marcel Dekker, Inc. (1997): pp. 119–146.
Saracco, G., et al. “Rapidly Progressive Hbsag-Positive Hepatitis in Italy: the Role of Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection.” Journal of Hepatology 5 (1987): pp. 274–821.
Scott, D.G.I., et al. “Systemic Vasculitis in A District General Hospital 1972–1980: Clinical and Laboratory Features, Clarification and Prognosis in 80 Cases.” Quarterly Journal of Medicine 203 (1982): pp. 292–311.
Vento, S., et al. “Clinical Reactivation of Hepatitis B in Anti-Hbs-Positive Patients with AIDS.” Lancet 1 (1989): pp. 332–333.
Wands, J.R., Blum, H. “Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” [Editorial]. New England Journal of Medicine 325 (1991): pp. 729–731.
Weissberg, J.A.L., et al. “Survivial in Chronic Hepatitis B: An Analysis of 379 Patients.” Annals of Internal Medicine 101 (1984): pp. 613–616.
Chapter 10: Understanding Hepatitis C
Alter, M.J. “The Epidemiology of Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C.” Clinics in Liver Disease Vol. 1, No. 3 (November 1997): pp. 559–568.
Associated Press “Blood Recipients Urged to Test for Hepatitis C.” Newsday August 13, 1997, p. A36.
Bjoro, Kristian, et al. “Hepatitis C Infection in Patients with Primary Hypogammaglobulinemia After Treatment with Contaminated Immune Globulin.” New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 331., No. 24 (December 15, 1994): pp. 1607–1650.
Bonkovsky, H.L. “Iron and Chronic Viral Hepatitis.” Hepatology (March 1997): pp. 759–768.
Choo, Q.L., et al. “Isolation of a C DNA Clone Derived from A Blood-Borne Viral Hepatitis Genome.” Science 244 (1989): pp. 359–362.
Collier, Jane, et al. “Hepatitis C Viral Infection in the Immunosuppressed Patient.” Hepatology (January 1998): pp. 2–6.
Conry-Cantilena, Cathy, et al. “Routes of Infection, Viremia, and Liver Disease in Blood Donors Found to Have Hepatitis C Virus Infection.” New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 334, No. 26 (June 27, 1996): pp. 1691–1696.
Davis, Gary L. “Hepatitis C.” Clinics in Liver Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (November 1997).
Dickson, Roland C. “Clinical Manifestations of Hepatitis C.” Clinics in Liver Disease Vol. 1 No.3 (November 1997): pp. 569–585.
Esteban, Juan, et al. “Hepatitis C. in Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention,” edited by Richard A. Willson. Marcel Dekker, Inc. (1997): pp. 147–216.
Farci, Patricia, et al. “Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Fulminant Hepatic Failure.” New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 335, No. 9, pp. 631–634.
Forns, Xavier, et al. “Methods for Determining the Hepatitis C Virus Genotype.” Viral Hepatitis Reviews Vol. 4, No. 1 (1998): pp. 1–19.
Fried, Michael, et al. “Absence of Hepatitis C Viral RNA from Saliva and Semen of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C.” Gastroenterology 102 (1992): pp.1306–1308.
Gish, Robert. “Hepatitis C Virus: Eight Years Old.” Viral Hepatitis Reviews Vol. 3, No. 1 (1997): pp. 17–37.
Gitlin, Norman. “Hepatitis C: Risk of a Haircut.” Letter to the Editor, Annals of Internal Medicine Vol. 126, No.5, March 1 1997.
Gordon, Stuart C. “Clinical Outcome of Hepatitis C as a Function of Mode of Transmission,” Hepatology Vol. 28, No 2 (1998): pp. 562–567.
Gordon, S., et al. “The Pathology of Hepatitis C as a Function of Mode of Transmission: Blood Transfusion Vs. Intravenous Drug Use.” Hepatology 18 (1993): pp. 1338–1343.
Gross, John B. “Clinician’s Guide to Hepatitis C.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 73 (1998): pp. 355–362.
Hadziyannis, S.J. “The Spectrum of Extrahepatic Manifestations in Hepatitis C Virus Infection.” Journal of Viral Hepatitis 4 (1997): pp. 342–348.
Isaacson, A.H., et al. “Should we Test Hepatitis C Virus Genotype and Viremia Level in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C?” Journal of Viral Hepatitis 4 (1997): pp. 285–292.
Kaito, M., et al. “Hepatitis C Virus Particle Detected by Immunoelectron Microscopic Study.” Journal of General Virology 75 (1994): pp. 1755–1760.
Kasahara, Akinori, et al. “Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Incidence After Interferon Treatment in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C.” Hepatology (May 1998): pp. 1394–1402.
Kuzushita, N., et al. “Influence of HLA Haplotypes on the Clinical Course of Individuals Infected with HCV.” Hepatology (January 1998): pp. 240–244.
Leevey, Carroll B. “High incidence of Hepatitis C in New Jersey Suburb Prompts Study of Role of Mosquitoes.” Gastroenterology and Endoscopy News (August 1998): p. 32.
Martinot, Michele, et al. “Influence of Hepatitis G Virus Infection on the Severity of Liver Disease and Response to Interferon-alpha in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C.” Annals of Internal Medicine 126 (1997): pp. 874–881.
Mathurin, Phillipe. “Slow Progression of Fibrosis in Hepatitis C Virus patients with Persistently Normal Alanine Transaminase Activity.” Hepatology (March 1998): pp. 868–872.
NIH Consensus Statement. “Management of Hepatitis C.” Vol. 15, No. 3 (March 24–26 1997): pp. 1–41.
Peano, Gianmichele, et al. “HLA-DR5 Antigen A Genetic Factor Influencing the Outcome of Hepatitis C Infection?” Archives of Internal Medicine Vol. 154 (December 26, 1994): pp. 2733–2736.
Puoti, Claudio, et al. “Clinical, Histological and Virological Features of Hepatitis C Virus Carriers with Persistently Normal or Abnormal Alanine Transaminase Levels.” Hepatology (December 1997): pp. 1393–1398.
“Recommendations for Follow-up of Health-Care Workers after Occupational Exposure to Hepatitis C Virus.” Journal of the American Medical Association Vol. 278, No. 13 (October 1, 1997): pp. 1056–1057.
Shetty, Kirti, et al. “Diagnostic Tests for Viral Hepatitis B and C.” Practical Gastroenterology (May 1998): pp. 39–47.
Terada, Soichiro, et al. “Minimal Hepatitis C Infectivity in Semen.” Annals of Internal Medicine Vol. 117, No. 2 (July 15, 1992): p. 171.
Tibbs, C.J. “Methods of Transmission of Hepatitis C.” Journal of Viral Hepatitis 2 (1995): pp. 113–119.
Tong, Myron J., et al. “Clinical Outcomes After Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis C.” New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 332, No. 22 (June 1, 1995): pp. 1463–1466.
Vento, Sandro, et al. “Fulminant Hepatitis Associated with Hepatitis A Virus Superinfection in Patients with Chronic hepatitis C.” New England Journal of Medicine (January 29, 1998): pp. 286–290.
Willson, Richard A. “Extrahepatic Manifestations of Chronic Viral Hepatitis.” in Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention Marcel Dekker, Inc., pp. 331–369.
Zein, N.N., et al. “Hepatitis C Genotypes in the United Sates; Epidemiology, Pathogenicity, and Response to Interferon Therapy.” Annals of Internal Medicine 125 (1996): pp. 634–639.
Chapter 11: Treating Chronic Viral Hepatitis
1. Zdilar, D et al. “ Hepatitis C, interferon alpha and depression”. Hepatology 2000; 31: 1207-1211.
2. Musselman,DL et al. “ Paroxetine for the prevention of depression induced by high-dose interferon alfa”. NEJM 2001; 344: 961-966.
3. McHutchinson, JG et al. “ Adherence to combination therapy enhances sustained response in genotype-1 infected patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2002 123: 1061-1069.
4. Kraus, MR et AL. “ Paraxetine For The Treatment Of Interferon-Alpha-Induced Depression In Chronic Hepatitis C”. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002;16 1091-1099.
5. Zdilar D. et al. “Hepatitis C, Interferon Alfa, And Depression” Hepatology 1207-1211 vol 31 no 6 2000.
6. El-Serag-Hashem et. al. “Psychiatric Disorders Among Veterans With Hepatitis C” Gastro 2002 123: 476-482.
7. Sood A, ‘ Use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) for interferon induced neutropenia in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection”. AASLD Abstract # 1029 Nov 2001.
8. Rustgi, VK et al. “Safety and efficacy of recombinant human IL-11 ( oprevekin) in combination with interferon/ribavirin therapy in hepatitis C patients with thrombocytopenia. AASLD Nov 2002 Boston.
Soza, A. et al. “Neutropenia During Combination Therapy of Interferon Alfa and Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C”. Hepatology 2002; 36: 1273-1279.
Bennett, William G., et al. “Estimates of the Cost-Effectiveness of a Single Course of Interferon Alpha 2b in Patients with Histologically Mild Chronic Hepatitis C.” Annals of Internal Medicine 127 (1997): pp. 855–865.
Dusheiko, G.M., et al. “Treatment of Chronic Type B and C Hepatitis with Interferon Alfa: An Economic Appraisal.” Hepatology 22 (1995): pp. 1863–1873.
Gross, G., et al. “Genital Warts do not Respond to Systemic Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2a Treatment During Cannabis Consumption.” Dermatologica 183(3) (1991): pp. 203–207.
Kim, R.W. “Cost-Effectiveness of 6 and 12 Months of Interferon-alpha Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C.” Annals of Internal Medicine 127 (1997): pp. 866–874.
Physicians’ Desk Reference Edition 53, Montvale, NJ: Medical Economic Company, Inc.
Chapter 12: Treating Hepatitis B and D
Allen, Marchelle, et al. “Identification and Characterization of Mutations in Hepatitis B Virus Resistant to Lamivudine.” Hepatology Vol. 27, No. 6 (1998): pp. 1670–1677.
Brook, M.P.L., McDonald J., et al. “Histological Improvement After Anti-Viral Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.” Journal of Hepatology 8 (1989): pp. 218–225.
Chien, Rong-Nan, et al. “Efficacy of Thymosin Alpha 1 in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.” Hepatology 27 (1998): pp. 1383–1387.
Dienstag, J.L., et al. “A Preliminary Trial of Lamivudine for Chronic Hepatitis B Infection.” New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 333 (December 21, 1995): pp. 1657–1661.
Dusheiko, G.M., et al. “Treatment of Chronic Type B and C Hepatitis with Interferon Alfa: An Economical Appraisal.” Hepatology 22 (1995): pp. 1863–1873.
Farci, P., et al. “Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis D with Interferon Alfa-2a.” New England Journal of Medicine 330 (1994): pp. 88–94.
Gately, M.K. “Interleukin-12: Potential Clinical Application in the Treatment of Chronic Viral Hepatitis.” Journal of Viral Hepatitis 4 (Suppl 1) (1997): pp. 33–39.
Greenberg, H.B., et al. “Effect of Human Leukocyte Interferon on Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Patients with Chronic Active Hepatitis.” New England Journal of Medicine 295 (1976): pp. 517–522.
Honkoop, P., et al. “Lamivudine Resistance in Immunocompetent Chronic Hepatitis B: Incidence and Patterns.” Journal of Hepatology 26 (1997): pp. 1393–1395.
Honkoop, P., et al. “Histological Improvement in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Treated with Lamivudine.” Liver 76 (1997): pp. 103–106.
Hoofnagle, J.H., and D. Lau. “New Therapies for Chronic Hepatitis B.” Journal of Viral Hepatitis 4 (Suppl. 1) (1997): pp. 41–50.
Huo, Teh-ia, et al. “Sero-Clearance of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Chronic Carriers Does Not Necessarily Imply A Good Prognosis.” Hepatology 36 (July 1998): pp. 231–236.
Keefe, Emmet B., et al. “Is Hepatitis A More Severe in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B and Other Liver Diseases?” American Journal of Gastroenterology 90 (1995): pp. 201–205.
Lai, C., et al. “A One-Year Trial of Lamivudine for Chronic Hepatitis B.” New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 339, No. 2 (1999): pp. 286-297.
Lee, William. “Hepatitis B Virus Infection.” New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 337, No. 24 (1997): pp. 1734–1745.
Mutchnick, Milton G., et al. “Thymosin Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B: A Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial.” Hepatology 14 (January 1993): pp. 409–415.
Niederau, Claus, et al. “Long-Term Follow-up of HBeAg-Positive Patients Treated with Interferon Alfa for Chronic Hepatitis B.” New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 334, No. 22 (May 30, 1996): pp. 1422–1427.
Neiderau, Claus, et al. “Long-term Follow-up of HBeAg-Positive Patients Treated with Interferon Alfa for Chronic Hepatitis B.” New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 334, No. 22 (May 30, 1996): pp. 173–179.
Perrillo, Robert P. “Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B with Interferon: Experience in Western Countries.” Seminars in Liver Disease Vol. 9, No. 4 (1989): pp. 144–151.
Perrilo, Robert, et al. “A Randomized Controlled Trial of Interferon Alfa 2b Alone and After Prednisone Withdrawal for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B.” New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 323, No. 5 (1993): pp. 295–301.
Pol, S., et al. “Efficacy of ImmunoTherapy with Vaccination Against Hepatitis B Virus on Virus B Multiplication.” CR Acad Sci III 316: (1993): pp. 688–691.
Puoti, M., et al. “Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis D with Interferon Alfa-2b in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.” Journal of Hepatology July 29(1): pp. 45–52.
Rosenberg, Peter, et al. “Therapy with Nucleoside Analogues for Hepatitis B Virus Infection.” Clinics in Liver Disease Hepatitis B Vol. 3, No. 2 (May 1999): pp.349–361.
Van Leeuwen, R., et al. “Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of 3 TC (Lamivudine) in Patients with Asymptomatic or Mildly Symptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Phase I/II Study.” Journal of Infectious Diseases 171 (1995): pp. 1166–1171.
Chapter 13: Treating Hepatitis C
1. “Management Of Hepatitis C: 2002” NIH Consensus Development Conference Program and Abstracts.
2. “National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Management of hepatitis C: 2002”. Supplement to Hepatology Vol 36 No 5 Nov 2002.
3. Kubo, Yoshitsugu et al. “Treatment of Chronic hepatitis C With A Combination of Interferon Alpha 2B and Cimetidine”. Hepatology Oct 2002 Abstract 496 pg 287A.
4. McHutchinson, John et al. “ Adherence to Combination Therapy Enhances Sustained Response in Genotype-1-Infected Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C”. Gastro 2002; 123: 1061-1069.
5. Tagagi, H. et al. “ Zinc Supplementation enhances the response to interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C”. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 2001,8, 367-371.
6. Watson, J. “Prospects for hepatitis C virus therapeutics: levovirin and viramidine as improved derivatives of ribavirin”. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2002,3: 680-683.
7. Reddy, K. R. et al. “Efficacy and Safety of pegylated (40-kd) Interferon alfa-2a Compared with Interferon alfa 2a in Noncirrhotic patients With Chronic Hepatitis C”. Hepatology 2001; 33: 433-438.
8. DiBisceglie, A.M. et al. “Iron reduction as an Adjuvant Therapy in Patients With Chronic hepatitis C Who Have Previously Not Responded to Interferon: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial”. Hepatology 2000; 32: 135-p138.
9. Lindsay, Karen et al. “ A randomized double-blind trial comparing pegylated interferon alfa-2b to interferon alfa 2b as Initial Treatment for Chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2001; 34: 395-403.
10. Helbling, Beat et al. “ Interferon and amantadine in naïve Chronic hepatitis C: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled trial”. Hepatology 2002; 35: 447-454.
11. Shindo, Michiko et al. “Long-term Follow-up Study of Sustained Biochemical Responders With Interferon Therapy”. Hepatology 2001; 33: 1299-1302.
12. Zeuzem, Stefan et al. “ Randomized Double-blind placebo-Controlled trial of Interferon alfa 2a with and without Amantadine as Initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C”. Hepatology 2000; 32: 835-841.
13. Poynard, T. et al “ Impact of pegylated Interferon Alfa-2a and Ribavirin on Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic hepatitis C”. Gastro 2002; 122: 1303-1313.
14. Manns, M. et al. Peginterferon alfa 2b plus ribavirin compared with Interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomized trial.” Lancet 2001; 358: 958-65.
15. Fried, Michael et al. “ Peginterferon alfa 2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection”. NEJM 2002; 347: 975-82.
16. Leevy, C. Induction Daily Dose Infergen Combination Therapy- observational pilot Study. Interim analysis. May 2003. Intermune data on File.
17. Kaiser S. et al. “Successful retreatment of peginterferon nonresponder patients with chronic hepatitis C: with high dose consensus interferon induction therapy” oral presentation abstract # 102294 DDW 2003 and Intermune data on file.
18. Formann E. et al. “ Twice-weekly administration of Peginterferon alfa 2b”. Journal of Viral hepatitis Vol 10 Issue 4 pg 271 July 2003.
19. Zeuzem, Stefan, et al. “ Peginterferon alfa 21 in patients with chronic hepatitis C” NEJM Dec 2000 Vol 343 no 23.
20. Gitlin, Norman et al. “Scientific Advances in Hepatitis C Virus”. Clinics in Liver Disease Vol 7 No. 1 Feb. 2003.
21. Solis-herruzo JA et al. “Decreased Bone Mineral Density after Therapy with Alpha Interferon in Combo with Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C”. J Hepatology 2000 Nov, 33(50: 812-7.
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Gifford SM et al. “Australian Women’s Experiences of Living with Hepatitis C Virus: Results from a cross-sectional survey”. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003 Jul; 18 (7): 841-850.
Gerlach, JT et al. Acute Hepatitis C: High Rate of both Spontaneous and Treatment Induced Viral Clearance.”. Gastroenterololgy 2003; 225(1): 80-99.
Roche Random Chart Reviews- Market Research Report, 2003
Pegysus package insert.
PegIntron package insert.
Copegus package insert.
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Musselman,DL et al. “ Paroxetine for the prevention of depression induced by high-dose interferon alfa”. NEJM 2001; 344: 961-966.
McHutchinson, JG et al. “ Adherence to combination therapy enhances sustained response in genotype-1 infected patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2002 123: 1061-1069.
Kraus, MR et AL. “ Paraxetine For The Treatment Of Interferon-Alpha-Induced Depression In Chronic Hepatitis C”. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002;16 1091-1099.
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Lindsay, Karen et al. “ A randomized double-blind trial comparing pegylated interferon alfa-2b to interferon alfa 2b as Initial Treatment for Chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2001; 34: 395-403
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Abdelmalek, Manal, et al. “Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C with Interferon with or Without Ursodeoxycholic Acid. A Randomized Prospective Trial.” Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 26(2) (1998): pp. 130–134.
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Andreone, P., et al. “A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot Trial of Thymosin Alfa 1 for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C.” Liver 16 (1996): pp. 207–210.
Bacon, R.P., et al. “Beneficial Effect of Iron Reduction Therapy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Who Have Failed to Respond to Interferon Therapy” Hepatology 18 (1993): p. 373.
Bodenheimer, H.C., et al. “Tolerance and Efficacy of Oral Ribavirin Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C: A Multicenter Trial.” Hepatology 26 (1997): pp. 473–477.
Bonkovsky, Herbert, et al. “Reduction of Health-Related Quality of Life in Chronic Hepatitis C and Improvement with Interferon Therapy.” Hepatology 29 (1999): pp. 264–270.
Camma, C., et al. “Long-term Course of Interferon-Treated Chronic Hepatitis C.” Journal of Hepatology 28 (1998): pp. 531–537.
Chemello, L., et al. “The Effect of Interferon Alfa and Ribavirin Combination Therapy in Naive Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C.” Journal of Hepatology 23 (suppl 2) (1995): pp. 8–12.
Davis, Gary, et al. “Interferon alfa-2b Alone or in Combination with Ribavirin for the Treatment of Relapse of Chronic Hepatitis C.” New England Journal of Medicine 339 (1998): pp. 1493–1499.
Di Bisceglie, Adrien, et al. “Ribavirin as Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C.” Annals of Internal Medicine Vol. 124 (December 15, 1995): pp. 126–132
Dusheiko, G., et al. “Ribavirin Treatment for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C; Results of A Placebo-Controlled Study.” Journal of Hepatology 25 (1996): pp. 591–598.
Gately, M.K. “Interleukin-12: Potential Clinical Application in the Treatment of Chronic Viral Hepatitis.” Journal of Viral Hepatitis 4 (Suppl. 1) (1997): pp. 33–39.
Gavier, B., et al. “Viremia After One Month of Interferon Therapy Predicts Treatment Outcome in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C.” Gastroenterology 113 (1997): pp. 1647–1653.
Hassanein, T., et al. “Induction Therapy with Interferon Alfa-2b Induces Rapid Clearance of Hepatitis C Viremia in Naive Patients.” Hepatology 26 (Suppl.) 521A Abstract (1997): p. 1,572.
Hwang, S.J., et al. “A Randomized Controlled Trial of Recombinant Interferon Alfa 2b in the Treatment of Chinese Patients with Acute Post-Transfusion Hepatitis C.” Journal of Hepatology 21 (1994): p. 861
Ikeda, Kenji, et al. “Effect of Interferon Therapy on Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis Type C: A Long-Term Observation Study of 1,643 Patients Using Statistical Bias Correction with Proportional Hazard Analysis.” Hepatology 29 (1999): pp. 1124–1130.
Imai, Yasuharu, et al. “Relation of Interferon Therapy and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C.” Annals of Intern Medicine 129 (1998): pp. 94–99.
Jubin, R., et al. “Amantadine and Rimantadine Have No Specific Inhibitory Activity Against Hepatitis C.” Hepatology Vol. 28, No. 4 (1998): Abstract 829, p. 370A.
Khalili, M., et al. “A Comparison of Combination Therapy with Interferon and Ribavirin versus Interferon and Amantadine in Interferon Non-responders with chronic hepatitis C.” Hepatology Vol. 28, No. 4 (1998): Abstract 26, p. 169A.
Kim, Joseph, et al. “Hepatitis C Virus NS3 RNAS Helicase Domain with a Bound Oligonucleotide: the Crystal Structure Provides Insights Into the Mode of Unwinding.” Structure Vol. 6, No. 1 (1998): pp. 89–100.
Kim, J.L., et al. “Crystal Structure of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease Domain Complexed with a Synthetic NS4A Cofactor Peptide.” Cell Vol. 87 (October 18, 1996): pp. 343–355.
Kwong, Ann. “Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease.” Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 10 (1997): pp. 485–490.
Lam, N.P., et al. “Dose-Dependent Acute Clearance of Hepatitis C Genotype 1 Virus with Interferon Alfa.” Hepatology 26 (1997): pp. 226–231.
Lampertico, R., et al. “A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2b in Patients with Acute Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis C.” Hepatology 19 (1994): p. 19.
Lau, Daryl T.Y., et al. “10–Year Follow-up After Interferon-alfa Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C.” Hepatology 28 (1998): pp. 1121–1127.
Lau, M.Y., et al. “Long-Term Efficacy of Ribavirin Plus Interferon Alfa in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C.” Gastroenterology 111 (1996): pp. 1307–1312.
Lee, William, et al. “Early Hepatitis C Virus-RNA Response Predict Interferon Treatment Outcomes in Chronic Hepatitis C.” Hepatology 28 (1998): pp. 1411–1415.
McHutchison, John G., et al. “Interferon Alfa-2b Alone or in Combination with Ribavirin as Initial Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C.” New England Journal of Medicine 339 (1998): pp. 1485–1492.
Marcellin, P., et al. “Long-Term Histologic Improvement and Loss of Detectable Intrahepatic HCV RNA in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Sustained Response to Interferon-Alfa Therapy.” Annals of Internal Medicine 127 (1997): pp. 875–881.
Marcellin, P., et al. “Long-Term Histologic Improvement and Loss of Detectable Intrahepatic HCV RNA in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Sustained Response to Interferon-Alfa Therapy.” Annals of Internal Medicine 127 (1997): pp. 875–881.
Mathurin, Philippe, et al. “Slow Progression Rate of Fibrosis in Hepatitis C Virus Patients with Persistently Normal Alanine Transaminase Activity.” Hepatology 32 (March 1998): pp. 868–872.
Nishigucho, S., et al. “Randomized Trial of Effects of Interferon-Alfa on Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Active Hepatitis C with Cirrhosis.” Lancet 346 (1995): pp. 1051–1055.
Omata, M., et al. “Resolution of Acute Hepatitis C After Therapy with Natural Beta Interferon.” Lancet 338 (1991): p. 914.
Poynard, Thierry, et al. “Randomized Trial of Interferon Alfa 2b Plus Ribavirin for 48 Weeks or for 24 Weeks Versus Interferon Alfa 2b Plus Placebo for 48 Weeks for Treatment of Chronic Infection with Hepatitis C Virus.” Lancet 352 (1998): pp. 1426–1432.
Puoti, Claudio, et al. “Clinical, Histological, and Virological Features of Hepatitis C Virus Carriers with Persistently Normal Or Abnormal Alanine Transaminase Levels.” Hepatology 26 (1997): pp. 1393–1398.
Puoti, C., et al. “Serum HCVRNA Titer Does Not Predict the Severity of Liver Damage in HCV Carriers with Normal Aminotransferase Levels.” Liver 2 (April 1999): pp. 104–109.
Roche Laboratories. “New Treatment May offer Advance in Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C.” Press Release, November 8th 1998, Chicago.
Sangiovanni, Angelo, et al. “Interferon Alfa Treatment of HCV RNA Carriers with Persistently Normal Transaminase Levels A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study.” Hepatology (March 1998): pp. 853–856.
Reichard, O., et al. “Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Interferon Alfa-2b with and Without Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C.” Lancet 351 (1998): pp. 83–87.
Rossini, Angelo, et al. “Virological Response to Interferon Treatment in Hepatitis C Virus Carriers with Normal Aminotransferase Levels and Chronic Hepatitis.” Hepatology 28 (October 1997): pp. 1012–1016.
Rowell, Diana, et al. “Should Chronic Viral Hepatitis with Persistently Normal Aminotransferase Levels be Treated?” Viral Hepatitis Reviews Vol. 3, No. 3 (1997): pp. 189–199.
Schalm, S.W., et al. “Ribavirin Enhances the Efficacy but not the Side Effects of Interferon in Chronic Hepatitis C. Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data from European Centers.” Journal of Hepatology 26 (1997): pp. 961–966
Schiffman, Mitchell, et al. “A Controlled, Randomized, Multicenter Descending Dose Phase II Trial of Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2A (PEG) Vs Standard Interferon Alfa-2A(IFN) for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C.” Hepatology (April 1999): Abstract LO418.
Senturk, H., et al. “Amantadine MonoTherapy of Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Infected with Genotype 1b.” Hepatology Vol. 28, No. 4 (1998): Abstract 842, p. 373A.
Sherman, Kenneth, et al. “Combination Therapy with Thymosin Alfa 1 and Interferon for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Trial.” Hepatology 27 (1998): pp. 1128–1135.
Smith, Jill. “Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C with Amantadine.” Digestive Diseases and Sciences 42 (1997): pp. 1681–1687.
Takano, Susumu, et al. “A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Dose Study of Ursodeoxycholic Acid for Chronic Hepatitis C.” Hepatology 20 (1994): pp. 558–564.
Thevenot, T., et al. “Effects of Cirrhosis, Interferon, and Azathioprine on Adverse Events in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Treated with Ribavirin.” Journal of Viral Hepatitis 4 (1997): pp. 243–253.
Van Thiel, D.H., et al. “Response to Interferon Alfa Therapy is Influenced by the Iron Content of the Liver.” Journal of Hepatology 20 (1994): pp. 410–415.
Viladomiu, L., et al. “Interferon-Alfa in Acute Posttransfusion Hepatitis C: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” Hepatology 15 (1992): p. 767.
Weisz, K. “Erythropoietin Use for Ribavirin/Interferon Induced Anemia in Patients with Hepatitis C.” Hepatology Vol. 28, No 4 (October 1998): Abstract 228A.
Chapter 14: Autoimmune Hepatitis
Heneghan, Michael, McFarlane, Ian. “ Current and Novel Immunosuppressive Therapy for Autoimmine Hepatitis.” Hepatology, Vol. 35, No. 1, 2002 pp 7-13.
Zakim, David and Boyer, Thomas “ Hepatology, A Textbook of Liver Disease.” Fourth Edition. pp1163-1202.
Salcedo, M et al. Hepatology 2002; 35: 349-356.
Czaja, A. and Lindor, K. “Failure of Budesonide in a Pilot Study of Treatment- Dependent Autoimmune Hepatitis”.Gastroenterology 2000;119:1312-1316.
Czaja, A. et al. “Ursodeoxycholic Acid as Adjunctive Therapy for Problematic Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Randomized Placebo- Controlled Treatment Trial. Hepatology Vol. 30, No.6, 1999 pp1381-1386.
Woodward,J, and Neuberger, J. “Autoimmune Overlap Syndrome” Hepatology Vol. 33, No 4,2001 pp994-1002.
Czaja, Albert et al “Sustained Remission After Corticosteroid Therapy for Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Retrospective Analysis. Hepatology, Vol 35, No.4,2002 pp890-896.
Czaja, A. and Freese, Deborah. “ Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis”. Hepatology, Vol 36, No. 2, 2002 pp 479-497.
McFarlane, I et.al. “ International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis”. Journal of Hepatology 1999 Vol. 31 pp929-938.
Manns, M. and Strassburg,C. “ Autoimmune Hepatitis: Clinical Challenges”. Gastroenterology 2001; 120:pp1502-1517.
Mann,M et al. “Autoimmune Hepatitis.” Seminars in Liver DiseaseVol 22, No. 4 Nov. 2002.
Czaja, Albert et al. “Autoimmune Hepatitis.” Clinics in Liver Disease. Vol. 6 No. 3 August 2002.
Joshi S. et al. “ Primary Biliary Cirrhosis with additional features of autoimmune hepatitis”. Hepatology 2002; Vol 35 pp409-413.
Abdo, A. et al. “ Evolution of Autoimmune hepatitis to Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A sequential Syndrome”. Hepatology 2002; 36: 1393-1399.
Al-Fadda, Mohammad, et al. “Idiopathic Chronic Active Hepatitis: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma.” Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 19(4), (1994): pp. 313–317.
Czaja, Albert J. “The Variant Forms of Autoimmume Hepatitis.” Annals of Internal Medicine 125 (1996): pp. 588–598.
Danielsson, A., et al. “Oral Budesonide for Treatment of Autoimmune Chronic Active Hepatitis.” Ailment Pharmacology therapies 8 (1994): pp. 585–590.
Dufour, Jean-Francois, et al. “Reversibility of Hepatic Fibrosis in Autoimmune Hepatitis.” Annals of Internal Medicine Vol. 127, No.11, pp. 981–985.
Gregorio, Germana, et al. “Autoimmune Hepatitis in Children: A 20–Year Experience.” Hepatology Vol. 25, No.3 (1997). pp. 99–107.
Huppertz, H.I., et al. “Autoimmune Hepatitis Following Hepatitis A Virus Infection.” Journal of Hepatology 23 (2) (August 1995): pp. 204–208.
Johnson, P.J., and I.G. McFarlane. “Meeting Report: International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group.” Hepatology 18 (1993): pp. 998–1005.
Johnson, Philip, et al. “Azathioprine for Long-Term Maintenance of Remission in Autoimmune Hepatitis.” The New England Journal of Medicine 228 (October 12, 1995): pp. 958–963.
Kamiyama, T. “Autoimmune Hepatitis Triggered by Administration of An Herbal Medicine, “ American Journal of Gastroenterology 220 (1995) p. 923.
Krawitt, E.L. “Autoimmune Hepatitis,” New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 334 No.14 pp. 897–903.
Lebovics, Edward. “Autoimmune Chronic Active Hepatitis in Postmenopausal Women.” Digestive Diseases and Sciences Vol. 30, No. 9 (September 1985).
Lebovics, Edward, and Melissa Palmer. “Outcome of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Analysis of Long-term Observation of 38 Patients.” Archives of Internal Medicine Vol. 147 (April 1987).
Papo, T., et al. “Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis Exacerbated by Alpha-interferon.” Annals of Internal Medicine 116(1) (1992): pp. 51–53.
Van Thiel, D.H., et al. “Tacrolimus: A Potential New Treatment for Autoimmune Chronic Active Hepatitis: Results of an Open-Label Preliminary Trial.” American Journal of Gastroenterology 90 (1995): pp. 771–776.
Vento, S., et al. “Identification of Hepatitis A Virus as a Trigger for Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis Type 1 in Susceptible Individuals.” Lancet 337 (1991): pp. 1183–1186.
Wang, K.K., and A.J. Czaja. “Prognosis of Corticosteroid-Treated Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Negative Chronic Active Hepatitis in Postmenopausal Women: A Retrospective Analysis.” Gastroenterology 97 (1989): pp. 1288–1293.
Chapter 15: Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Longo, M. et al. " PBC and Hyperlipidemia "Lack of Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Gut 2002; 51 pp 265-269.
Phillips JR et al. " Fat Soluble Vitamin Levels in Patients with PBC”. Am J Gastroenterology 2001 Sep 96: pp 2745-2750.
Hendickse, MT et al. Low-dose methotrexate is ineffective in primary biliary cirrhosis: long-term results of a placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 1999; 117:400-407.
Shibuya, A et al. “Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Survival in patients With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Hepatology 2002;35 pp 1172-1178.
Prince, M. et al. “ Survival and Symptom Progression in a Geographically Based Cohort of patients With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: Follow-up for up to 28 years. Gastroenterology 2002; 123 pp 1044-1051.
Heathcote, Jenny Management of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Hepatology 2000; 31 pp 1005-1013.
Garcia, R. et al. Transplantation for PBC: Retrospective Analysis of 400 patients in a Single Center. Hepatology 2001; 33: pp 22-27.
Joshi S. et al. “ PBC with Additional Features of AIH: Response to Therapy With Ursodeoxycholic Acid. Hepatology 2002; 35 pp 409-413.
Kim, W.R. et al. “ Epidemiology and Natural History of PBC in a U.S. Community Gastroenterology 2000; 119 pp 1631-1636.
James, O. et al. "PBC Once Rare, Now Common in the United Kingdom? "Hepatology 1999; 30 pp 390-394.
Prince, Martin et al. “ The Geographical Distribution of PBC in a well- Defined Cohort. Hepatology 2001; 34 pp 1083-1088.
Parikh-Patel Arti et al. Risk Factors for PBC in a Cohort of patients From the United States. Hepatology 2001; 33: pp16-21.
Howell, Denise et al. “ An Exploratory Population-Based Case-Control Study of PBC. Hepatology 2000; 31 pp 1055-0160.
Boldblatt, Jennifer et al. “ The True Impact of Fatigue in PBC A Population Study. Gastroenterology 2002; 122 pp 1235-1241.
Kaplan, Marshall. Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: Past, Present, and Future. Gastroenterology Vol. 123 No 4 pp 1392-1393.
Mason, Andrew et al. “PBC: New Thoughts on Pathophysiology and Treatment Current Gastroenterology Report 2002, 4; pp45-51.
Goulis J, et al. “Randomized controlled trials of Ursodeoxycholic acid for PBC: a Meta analysis”. Lancet. 1999; 354: pp 1053-1060.
Corpechot, C. et al. “The Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Therapy on Liver Fibrosis Progression in PBC” Hepatology 2000; 32 pp 1196-1199.
Corpechot, C. et al. “ PBC: Incidence and predictive Factors of Cirrhosis Development in Ursodiol-Treated Patients”. Gastroenterology 2002; 122 pp 652-658.
Combes, Burton et al. “The Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on the Florid Duct lesion of PBC”. Hepatology 1999; 30 pp602-605.
Kaplan, Marshall et al. “ A Prospective Trial of Colchicine and Methotrexate in the Treatment of PBC> Gastroenterology 1999; 117: 1173-1180.
Bonis, Peter et al. “Methotrexate Improves Biochemical Tests in Patients With PBC Who Respond Incompletely to Ursodiol”. Gastroenterology 1999; 117: pp395-399.
Angulo, Paul et al. “Silymarin in the Treatment of Patients With PBC With a Suboptimal Response to Ursodeoxycholic Acid”. Hepatology 2000; 32 pp 897-900.
Jones, E.J. “ Rationale for Trials of Long-Term Mycophenolate Mofetil Therapy for PBC. Hepatology 2002 Vol. 35, No 2. pp 258-262.
Leuschner, M. et al. “Oral Budesonide and Ursodeoxycholic Acid for Treatment of PBC: Results of a Prospective Double- Blind Trial. Gastroenterology 1999; 117 pp 918-925.
Angulo, Paul et al. “Oral Budesonide in the Treatment of patients With PBC With a Suboptimal Response to Ursodeoxycholic Acid”. Hepatology 2000; 31: pp318-323.
Zakim, David and Boyer, Thomas “ Hepatology, A Textbook of Liver Disease” Fourth Edition. pp1203-1220.
Ahrens, E.J., et al. “Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Medicine 29 (1950): pp. 299–364.
Bach, N., Schaffner, F. “Familial Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Journal of Hepatology 20 (1994): pp. 698–701.
Balasubramaniam, K., et al. “Diminished Survival in Asymptomatic Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A Prospective Study.” Gastroenterology 98 (1990): pp. 1567–1571.
Brind, A.M., et al. “Prevalence and Pattern of Familial Disease in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Gut 36 (1995): pp. 615–617.
Combes, B., et al. “A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Hepatology 23 (1995): pp. 759–766.
Culp, K.S., et al. “Autoimmune Associations in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 57 (1982): pp. 365–370.
D’Amico, E., et al. “Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Induced by Interferon-Alpha Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Infection.” Digestive Diseases and Sciences 40 (1995): pp. 2113–2116.
Dickey, W., et al. “High Prevalence of Celiac Sprue Among Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 25(1) (1997): pp. 328–329.
Heathcote, E.J., et al. “The Canadian Multicenter Controlled Trial of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Hepatology 19 (1994): pp. 1149–1156.
Jones, D.E.J., et al. “Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Its Impact on Outcomes.” Hepatology 26 (1997): pp. 1138–1142.
Jones, David, et al. “Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Clinical and Associated Autoimmune Features and Natural History.” Clinics in Liver Disease Vol. 2, No.2 (May 1998): pp. 265–282.
Kaplan, Marshall. “Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” The New England Journal of Medicine (November 21, 1996): pp. 1570–1580.
Kaplan, M.M., et al. “A Prospective Trial of Colchicine for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” New England Journal of Medicine 315 (1986): pp. 1448–1454.
Keefe, E.B. “Sarcoidosis and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis. Literature Review and Illustrative Case.” American Journal of Medicine 83 (1987): pp. 977–980.
Kim, W.R., and E.R. Dickson. “Predictive Models of Natural History in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Clinics in Liver Disease Vol. 2, No.2 (May 1998): pp. 313–331.
Klion, F., T. Fabry, M. Palmer, F. Schaffner. Prediction of Survival of Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis. Examination of the Mayo Clinic Model on a Group of Patients with Known Endpoint.” Gastroenterology 102 (1992): pp. 310–313.
Krawitt, E.L., “Autoimmune Hepatitis,” New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 334, No.14 (1996) pp. 897–903.
Lindor, K.D., et al. “Effects of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Survival in Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Gastroenterology 110 (1996): pp. 1515–1518.
Lindor, K.D., et al. “Ursodeoxycholic Acid in the Treatment of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Gastroenterology 106 (1994): pp. 1284–1290.
Mahl, T.C., et al. “Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: Survival of a Large Cohort of Symptomatic and Symptomatic Patients Followed for 24 Years.” Journal of Hepatology 20 (1994): p. 707.
Metcalf, J., J. Oliver, “The Geoepidemiology of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Seminars of Liver Disease Vol. 17, No. 1 (1997).
Moradjpour, D., et al., “Chlorpromazine Induced Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome Leading to Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Hepatology 20 (1994): pp. 1437–1441.
Nijhawan, Pardeep, et al. “Incidence of Cancer in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: The Mayo Experience.” Hepatology 29 (1999): pp. 1396–1398.
O’Donohue, J., et al. “Antibodies to Atypical Mycobacteria in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Journal of Hepatology 21 (1994): pp. 887–889.
Poupon, R.E., et al. “Ten-Year Survival in Ursodeoxycholic Acid-Treated Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Hepatology 29 (1999): pp. 1668–1671.
Poupon, R.E., et al. “Ursodiol for the Long-Term Treatment of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” New England Journal of Medicine 330 (1994): pp. 1342–1347.
Poupon, R.E., et al. “Combined Analysis of Randomized Trials of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Gastroenterology 113 (1997): pp. 884–890.
Shibata, J., et al. “Combination Therapy with Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Colchicine for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Journal of Gastrotroenterology and Hepatology 7 (1992): pp. 277–282.
Trigor, D.R. “Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: An Epidemiological Study.” British Medical Journal 281 (1980): pp. 772–775.
Witt-Sullivan, H., et al. “The Demography of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis in Ontario, Canada.” Hepatology 12 (1990): p. 98.
Chapter 16: Fatty Liver and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
1. Neuschwander-Tetri, Brent “ Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Summary of an AASLD Single Topic Conference. Hepatology, Vol 37, No. 5, 2003 pp 1202-1218.
2. Sanyal, Arun “American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease”. Gastroenterology 2002;123: 1702-1704.
3. Reid, Andrea “ Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis”. Gastroenterology 2001; 121: 710-723.
4. Younossi, ZM et al. “”Hepatic Iron and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease”. Hepatology 1999; 30: 847-850.
5. Dixon, John et al. “ Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Predictors of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Liver Fibrosis in the Severely Obese” Gastroenterology 2001; 121: 91-100.
6. Charlton, Michael et al. “Frequency of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis as a Cause of Advanced Liver Disease” Liver Transplantation 2001;7: 608-614.
7. Chitturi, Shivakumar et al. “NASH and Insulin Resistance: Insulin Hypersecretion and Specific Association With Insulin Resistance Syndrome”. Hepatology 2002; 35: 373-379.
8. Buglanesi E, et al. “ Expanding the Natural History of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: From Cryptogenic Cirrhosis to Hepatocellular carcinoma ” Gastroenterology 2002; 123: 134-140.
9. Angulo, Paul “ Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease” NEJM Vol. 346, No 16 April 2002.
10. Abdelmalek MF et al. “Betaine, a promising new agent for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Results of a pilot study”. Am J Gastroenterology 2001 Sept 96; 2711-7.
11. Marchesini, Giulio et al. “Metformin in Nonalcoholic steato hepatitis”Lancet 2001; 358: 893-94
12. Mofrad, Pouneh et al. “Clinical and Histologic Spectrum of NAFLD Associated with Normal ALT values” Hepatology 2003; 37: 1286-1292.
Bacon, B.R. “Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Expanded Clinical Entity.” Gastroenterology 107 (1994): pp. 1103–1109.
Buchman, A.L., et al. “Lecithin Increases Plasma Free Choline and Decreases Hepatic Steatosis in Long-Term Total Parenteral Nutrition Patients.” Gastroenterology 102 (1992): p. 1363,
Gitlin, Norman. The Liver and Systemic Disease 1997, Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp. 73–114.
Hourigan, Luke. “Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C Correlates Significantly with Body Mass Index and Steatosis.” Hepatology 29 (1999): pp. 1215–1219.
Iwamura, K. “Clinical and Pathophysiological Aspects of Fatty Liver of Unknown Etiology in Modern Japan.” Tokai Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 14 (1989): pp. 61–85.
Keith, George, et al. “Increased Hepatic Iron Concentration in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis is associated with increased fibrosis.” Gastroenterology 114 (1998): pp. 311–318.
Laurin, J., et al. “Ursodeoxycholic Acid or Clofibrate in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic-Induced Steatohepatitis: A Pilot Study.” Hepatology 23 (1996): pp. 1464–1467.
Ludwig, J., et al. “Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 55 (1980): p. 434.
McGill, D. “Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.” Gastrointestinal Diseases Today Vol. 6, No. 2 (March-April, 1997): pp. 1–7.
Matteoni, Christi. “Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Spectrum of Clinical and Pathological Severity.” Gastroenterology 116 (1999): pp. 1413–1419.
Neuschwander-Tetri, B. “Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.” Clinics in Liver Disease Vol. 2, No. 1 (February 1998): pp. 149–173.
Sheth, S., et al. “Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.” Annals of Internal Medicine 126 (1997): pp. 137–145.
Palmer, M., et al. “Excessive Weight Gain After Transplantation.” Transplantation 57 (1991): pp. 797–800.
Palmer, M., et al. “Effect of Weight Reduction on Hepatic Abnormalities in Overweight Patients.” Gastroenterology 99 (1990): pp. 1408–1413.
Powell, E.E., et al. “The Natural History of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Follow-Up of Forty-Two Patients for Up to 21 Years.” Hepatology 11 (1990): p. 74.
Propst, A., et al. “Prognosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.” Gastroenterology 108 (1995): p. 1607.
Rosenbaum, M., et al. “Obesity.” New England Journal of Medicine 6, 337 (1997): pp. 396–407.
VanItallie, T.B. “The Perils of Obesity in Middle-Aged Women.” New England Journal of Medicine 322 (1990): pp. 928–929
Chapter 17: Alcohol and the Liver
Bacon, B. DiBiseglie, A. “Liver Disease Diagnosis and Management” Churchill Livingston 2000. pp 119-126.
Akriviadis E, et al. “ Pentoxifylline improves short-term survival in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2000; 119: 1637-1648.
McCoulough A, et al. “ Alcoholic Liver Disease: Proposed Recommendations For the American College of Gastroenterology”. Am J Gastroenterology 1998; 93: 2022-2036.
Morgan, T. et al. “Pentoxifylline and Alcoholic Hepatitis” Gastroenterology Vol 119 Dec 2000. pp 1787-1790.
Raynard B. et al “Risk Factors of Fibrosis in Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease”. Hepatology 2002; 35 635-638.
Degoul F et al. “Homozygosity for Alanine in the Mitochondrial targeting Sequence of Superoxide Dismutase and The Risk for Severe Alcoholic Liver Disease.” Gastroenterology 2001; 120: 1468-1474.
Yin, M. et al. “Estrogen is Involved in Early Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in a Rat Enteral Feeding Model”. Hepatology 2000; 31 117-123.
Becker, U. et al. “Lower Risk for Alcohol- Induced Cirrhosis in Wine Drinkers” Hepatology 2002; 35: 868-875.
Adachi, Y., et al. “Antibiotics Prevent Liver Injury in Rats Following Long-Term Exposure to Ethanol.” Gastroenterology 108 (1995): pp. 218–224.
Annoni, G., et al. “Serum Type III Procollagen Peptide and Laminin [Lam-P1. Detect Alcoholic Hepatitis in Chronic Alcohol Abusers.” Hepatology 9 (1989): p. 693.
Boyer, C.S., and D.R. Petersen, “Potentiation of Cocaine-Mediated Hepatotoxicity by Acute and Chronic Alcohol.” Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 14 (1990): pp. 28–31.
Carithers, R.L., et al. “Methylprednisolone Therapy in Patients with Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis: A Randomized Multicenter Trial.” Annals of Internal Medicine 110 (1989): pp. 685–688.
Frezza, M., et al. “High Blood Alcohol Levels in Women: the Role of Decreased Gastric Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity and First-Pass Metabolism.” New England Journal of Medicine 322 (1990): pp. 95–99.
Fong, T.L., et al. “Clinical Significance of Concomitant Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease.” Hepatology 19 (1994): pp. 554–557.
Jenkins, P., S. Cromie, et al. “Chronic Hepatitis C, Alcohol and Hepatic Fibrosis” (Abstract). Hepatology 24 (1996): p. 153 A.
Kershenobich, D., et al. “Colchicine in the Treatment of Cirrhosis of the Liver.” New England Journal of Medicine 318 (1988): pp. 1709–1711.
Kwoh-Gain, I., et al. “Desialylated Transferrin and Mitochondrial Aspartate Aminotransferase Compared as Laboratory Markers of Excessive Alcohol Consumption.” Clinical Chemistry 36, 6 (1990): pp. 841–845.
Lieber, C. “Biochemical Factors in Alcoholic Liver Disease.” Seminars in Liver Disease Vol. 13, No. 2 (1993) pp. 182–189.
Mayfield,, D., et al. “The CAGE Questionnaire: Validation of A New Alcoholism Screening instrument.” American Journal of Psychiatry 131 (1974): pp. 1121–1123.
Morse, R.M., D.K. Flavin, for the Joint Committee of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism. “The Definition of Alcoholism.” Journal of the American Medical Association 268 (1992): pp. 1012–1014.
Niemela, O., et al. “Markers of Fibrogenesis and Basement Membrane Formation in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Relation to Severity, Presence of Hepatitis, and Alcohol Intake.” Gastroenterology 98 (1990): p. 1612.
Orrego, H., et al. “Effect of Short-Term Therapy with Propylthiouracil in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease.” Gastroenterology 75 (1978): pp. 105–111.
Ostapowicz, George, et al. “Role of Alcohol in the Progression of Liver Disease Caused by Hepatitis C Virus Infection.” Hepatology Vol. 27 No. 6, (1998): pp. 1730–1735.
Pessione, Fabienne, et al. “Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Serum Hepatitis C Virus RNA and Histological Lesions in Chronic Hepatitis C.” Hepatology Vol. 27, No. 6, (1998): pp. 1717–1722.
Poynard, T., et al. “Natural History of Liver Fibrosis Progression in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C.” Lancet 349 (1997): pp. 825–832.
Raymond, M.J., et al. “A Randomized Trial of Prednisolone in Patients with Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis.” New England Journal of Medicine 326 (1992): pp. 507–510.
Robbins, C. “Sex Differences in Psychosocial Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 30 (1989): pp. 117–130.
Smith-Warner, S.A., et al. “Alcohol and Breast Cancer in Women.” Journal of the American Medical Association 279 (1998): pp. 535–540.
Stedmans Medical Dictionary 26th Edition Weights and Measures Appendix, p. 1986.
Viitala, K., et al. “Serum IgA, IgG and IgM Antibodies Directed Against Acetaldehyde-Derived Epitopes: Relationship to Liver Disease Severity and Alcohol Consumption.” Hepatology Vol. 35 (June 1997): pp. 1418–1424.
Chapter 18: Hemochromatosis
1. EASL “International Consensus Conference on Hemochromatosis”. J Hepatol 2000; 33: 485-504.
2. Tavill, Anthony “ Diagnosis and Management of Hemochromatosis”. Hepatology Vol. 33, No. 5, 2001.
3. Bulaj, Z et al. “Disease-related Conditions in Relatives of patients With hemochromatosis” NEJM 2000; 343.pp 1529-1535
4. Olynyk JK et al. A Population based study of the clinical Expression of the Hemochromatosis Gene”. NEJM 1999;341. pp 718-724.
5. Beutler E, et. Al. “Penetrence of 845G-A (C282Y) HFE hereditary hemochromatosis mutation in the USA”. Lancet 2002; 359: pp211-218.
6. Gochee P. et al. “ A Population-Based Study of the Biochemical and Clinical Expression of the H63D hemochromatosis Mutation” Gastro 2002; 122: 646-651.
7. Beutler, e. et al. “The Effect of HFE Genotypes on Measurement of Iron Overload in Patients Attending a health Appraisal Clinic”. Ann Intern med 2000; 133: 329-337.
8. Beaten, M. et al. “Noninvasive Prediction of Cirrhosis in C282Y-Linked Hemochromatosis. Hepatology 2002; 36: 673-678.
9. Pietrangelo, A. et al. “Hereditary Hemochromatosis in Adults Without Pathogenic Mutations in the Hemochromatosis Gene”. NEJM 1999 341. pp 725-732.
10. Fracanzi, A. et al. “Increased Cancer Risk in a Cohort of 230 Patients With hereditary Hemochromatosis in Comparison to Matched Control Patients With Non-iron –Related Chronic Liver Disease”. Hepatology 2001;33:pp647-651.
11. Hsing AW et al. “ Cancer Risk following Primary Hemochromatosis: a Population-based Cohort in Denmark” Int J Cancer 1995; 22:pp 446-450.
12. Tiniakos G. et al. “ Cirrhotic Process liver cell carcinoma, and extrahepatic malignant tumors in idiopathic hemochromatosis” Appl Pathol 1998; 6 pp 128-138.
13. Nelson LR et al. “ Risk of neoplastic and other diseases among people with heterozygosity for hemochromatosis”. Cancer 1995; 76: 875-879.
14. Fletcher LM et al. Excess alcohol greatly increases the prevalence of cirrhosis in hereditary hemochromatosis. Gastro 2002; 122: 281-289.
Adams, Paul, and Chakrabarti Subrata. “Genotypic/Phenotypic Correlation’s in Genetic Hemochromatosis: Evolution of Diagnostic Criteria.” Gastroenterology 114 (1998): pp. 319–323.
Adams, Paul C., M.D., and Leslie S. Valberg, M.D. “Evolving Expression of Hereditary Hemochromatosis.” Seminars in Liver Disease Vol. 16, No. 1. (1996): pp. 47– 54.
American Liver Foundation pamphlet “Hemochromatosis: Not So Rare,” 1997.
Bacon, Bruce R. “Diagnosis and Management of Hemochromatosis.” Gastroenterology 113 (1997): pp. 995–999.
Beutler, E., T. Gelbart, C. West, et al. “Mutational Analysis in Hereditary Hemochromatosis.” Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases 22, 16. (1996): pp. 187–194.
Bonkovsky, Herbert L.M.D., et al. “Iron in Liver Diseases Other than Hemochromatosis.” Seminars in Liver Disease Vol. 16, No.1, pp. 65–82.
Brissot, P., et al. “A Genotypic Study of 217 Unrelated Probands Diagnosed as Genetic Hemochromatosis on Classical Phenotypic Criteria.” Hepatology 28 (1998): 1105–1107
Fargion S., et al. “Survival and Prognostic Factors in 212 Italian Patients with Genetic Hemochromatosis.” Hepatology 15 (1992): p. 655.
Feder, J.N., A. Gnirke, W. Thomas, et al. “A Novel MHC Class I-Like Gene Is Mutated in Patients with Hereditary Hemochromatosis.” Nature Genetics 13 (1996): pp. 399–408.
Iron Overload Disease Association—statistics 1998, Internet website, www.ironoverload.org.
Kowdley, K.V., et al. “Primary Liver Cancer and Survival in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation for Hemochromatosis.” Liver Transplantation and Surgery 1 (1995): p. 237.
Niederau, C., et al. “Survivial and Causes of Death in Cirrhotic and in Noncirrhotic Patients with Primary Hemochromatosis.” New England Journal of Medicine 313 (1985): p. 1256.
Niederau, Claus, et al. “Hemochromatosis and the Liver.” Journal of Hepatology 30 (1999): pp. 6–11.
Olynyk, J.K., et al. “Hereditary Hemochromatosis Diagnosis and Management in the Gene Era.” Liver 2 (April 1999): pp. 73–80.
Powell, L.W., J.F.R. Kerr, “Reversal of Cirrhosis in Idiopathic Hemochromatosis Following Long-Term Intensive Venesection Therapy.” Australian Annals of Medicine 19 (1970): p. 54.
Powell, Lawrie W., M.D., et al. “Hemochromatosis: Genetics and Pathogenesis.” Seminars in Liver Disease Vol. 16, No.1 (1996): pp. 55–63.
Wallace, Daniel, et al. “A Novel Mutation of HFE Explains the Classical Phenotype of Genetic Hemochromatosis in a C282Y Heterozygote.” Gastroenterology 116 (1999): pp. 1409–1412.
Chapter 19: Benign and Malignant Liver Tumors
Marrero, Jorge et al. “Des-Gamma Carboxyprothrombin Can Differentiate HCC from Nonmalignant Chronic Liver Disease in American Patients” Hepatology 2003; 37: 1114-1121.
Arnold, William. “Hepatic Resection for Metastatic Lesions,” Practical Gastroenterology (December 1996): pp. 6–12
Bruix, Jordi. “Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” Hepatology Vol. 25, No. 2 (1997)
Castells, A., et al. “Treatment of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhotic Patients: A Cohort Study Comparing Surgical Resection and Percutaneous Ethanol Injection.” Hepatology 28 (1993): pp. 1121–1126.
Castells, A., et al. “Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Tamoxifen: A Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial in 120 Patients.” Gastroenterology 109 (1995): pp. 917–922.
Collier, Jane, et al. “Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” Hepatology Vol. 27, No.1. (1998).
Colombo, M. “Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” Journal of Viral Hepatitis 4 (Suppl.10 ) (1997): pp. 125–130.
Di Bisceglie, Adrien. “Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” Seminars in Liver Disease Vol. 15, No.1, (1995): pp. 64–69.
Fattovich, Giovanna. “Natural Course and Prognosis of Chronic Hepatitis Type B.” Viral Hepatitis Reviews Vol. 2, No. 4, (1996): pp. 263–276
El-Serag, Hashem, et al. “Rising Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States.” New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 340, No. 10 (March 11, 1999): p. 745–750.
Goritsas, Constantin, P., et al. “The Leading Role of Hepatitis B and C Viruses as Risk Factors for the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 20 3 (1995): pp. 220–224.
Groupe d’Etude et de Traitement du Carcinome Hepatocellylaire. “A Comparison of Lipiodol Chemoembolization and Conservative Treatment for Unresectable Hepatocellulare Carcinoma.” New England Journal of Medicine 332 (1995): pp. 1256–1261.
Iwatsuki, S., T.E. Starzl, D.G. Sheahan, et al. “Hepatic Resection Versus Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” Annals of Surgery 214 (1991): pp. 221–229.
Jenkins, Roger L., et al. “Surgical Approach to Benign Liver Tumors.” Seminars in Liver Disease Vol. 14, No.2 (1994): 347–353.
Lai, C.L., et al. “Recombinant Interferon Alpha in Inoperable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” Hepatology 17 (1993): pp. 389–394.
Livraghi, T., et al. “Percutaneous Injection in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhosis: A Study on 207 Patients.” Cancer 69 (1992): pp. 925–929.
Manesis, E.K. “Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Combined Suppression and Inhibition of Sex Hormones: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.” Hepatology 21 (1995): pp. 1535–1542.
Matsuzaki, Y., et al. “A New, Effective and Safe Therapeutic Option Using Proton Irradiation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” Gastroenterology 106 (1994): pp. 1032–1041.
Palmer, M., et al. “Fatty Liver Effect of Weight Reduction on Hepatic Abnormalities in Overweight Patients.” Gastroenterology 99 (1990): p. 1,408.
Raoul, J.L., et al. “Randomized Controlled Trial for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Thrombosis: Intr-Arterial Iodine-131–Iodinized Oil Versus Medical Support.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 35 (1994): pp. 1782–1787.
Reddy, K. Rajender M.D., and Eugene R. Schiff, M.D. “Approach to a Liver Mass.” Seminars in Liver Disease Vol. 13, No. 4 (1993): 127–138.
Reynolds, Telfer, B. “Hepatomegaly in a Menopausal Woman: Differential Diagnosis of Liver Tumors.” Gastrointestinal Diseases Today Vol. 1, No. 3 (November-December, 1992): 42–50.
Ros, Pablo, Gary Davis. “The Incidental Focal Liver Lesion: Photon, Proton, or Needle?” Hepatology (May 1998): pp. 1183–1190.
Seki, T., et al. “Ultrasonically Guided Pertcutaneous Microwave Coagulation Therapy for Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” Cancer 74 (1994): pp. 817–825.
Vilana, R., et al. “Tumor Size Determines the Efficacy of Percutaneous Ethanol Injection for the Treatment of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” Hepatology 16 (1992): pp. 353–357.
Wands, J.R, and H.E. Blum. “Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” [Editorial] New England Journal of Medicine 325 (1991): pp. 729–731.
Chapter 20: Treatment of Common Symptoms and Complications
Bergasa, Nora, et al. “The Pruritus of Cholestasis. Evolving Pathogenic Concepts Suggest New Therapeutic Options.” Clinics in Liver Disease Vol. 2, No. 2 (May 1998): pp. 391–405.
Betts, A., et al. “Beta-blockers and Sleep: A Controlled Trial.” European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 28 (Suppl.) (1985): pp. 65–68.
Bonkovsky, Herbert, et al. “Prevalence and Prediction of Osteopenia in Chronic Liver Disease.” Hepatology 12 (1990): pp. 273–280.
Cordoba, Juan, et al. “High Prevalence of Sleep Disturbance in Cirrhosis.” Hepatology 27 (1998): pp. 339–345.
Cummings, Steven, et al. “Effect of Alendronate on Risk of Fracture in Women with Low Bone Density but Without Vertebral Fractures.” Journal of the American Medical Association 280 (1998): pp. 2077–2082.
Dasani, B.M., et al. “The Role of Helicobacter Pylori in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy” (Abstract). Hepatology 22 (1995): p. 161.
Garfinkel, D., et al. “Improvement of Sleep Quality in Elderly People by Controlled-Release Melatonin.” Lancet 346 (1995): pp. 541–544.
Hay, J. Eileen. “Osteoporosis.” Clinics in Liver Disease Vol. 2, No.2 (May 1998): pp. 407–419.
McDonald, Jennifer, et al. “Bone Loss After Transplantation.” Hepatology 14 (1991): pp. 613–619.
Merkel, C., et al. “Randomized Trial of Nadolol Alone or with Isosorbide Mononitrate for Primary Prophylaxis of Variceal Bleeding in Cirrhosis.” Lancet 348 (1996): pp. 1677–1681.
Pawlikowska, T., et al. “Population Based Study of Fatigue and Psychological Distress.” British Medical Journal 308 (1994): pp. 763–766.
Quero, J.C., et al. “Does Subclinical Hepatic Encephalopathy Affect Quality of Life?” (Abstract). Gastroenterology 108 (1995): p. 1151A.
Ring, Ernest, et al. “Using Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts to Control Variceal Bleeding before Liver Transplantation.” Annals of Internal Medicine 116 (1992): pp. 304–309.
Roosle, M., et al. “The Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stent-Shunt Procedure for Variceal Bleeding.” New England Journal of Medicine 330 (1994): pp. 165–171.
Rosen, H.M., et al. “Plasma Amino Acid Patterns in Hepatic Encephalopathy of Differing Etiology.” Gastroenterology 72 (1977): p. 483.
Schreiber, A.J., et al. “Estrogen-Induced Cholestasis: Clues to Pathogenesis and Treatment.” Hepatology 3 (1983): pp. 607–613.
Steindl, P.E., et al. “Disruption of the Diurnal Rhythm of Plasma Melatonin in Cirrhosis.” Annals of Internal Medicine 123 (1995): pp. 274–277.
Van Der Rijt, C.C.D., et al. “Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy Precipitated by Zinc Deficiency: A Double-Blind Crossover Study.” Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique 19 (1995): pp. 572–580.
Chapter 21: Herbs and Other Alternative therapies
1. Benninger, Johannes et al “Acute Hepatitis Induced By Greater Celandine” Gastroenterology 1999 117: 1234-1237.
2. Armanini, Decio et al . “Reduction of Serum Testosterone in Men by Licorice” NEJM 1999 Vol 341, No 15.
3. Kava kava -Linked to Serious Liver Damage. Newsday March 26, 2002.
4. “Genital Warts do not respond to systemic interferon alpha 2 a treatment during Cannabis Consumption” Dermatologia 1991 183(3) 203-7.
5. DeSmet, Peter. “Herbal Remedies”NEJM vol 347 No 25 Dec 2002
6. Hilts PJ U.S. in criminal inquiry on Metabolife product. New York Times Aug 2002.
7. Stedman, Catherine “Herbal Hepatotoxicity” Seminars in Liver Disease May 2002, Vol 22 No. 2 2002.
Congress.org “Dietary Supplement Safety Act of 2003”.
Abbot, Neil, et al. International Journal Risk Safety Medicine 11 (1998): pp. 99–106.
Abe, Y., et al. “Effectiveness of Interferon, Glycyrrhizin Combination Therapy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C.” Nippon Rinsho 52(7) (July 1994): pp. 1817–1822.
Albrecht, M., et al. “Therapy of Toxic Liver Pathologies with Legalon.” Zeitschrift fur Klinische Medizin 47 (1992): pp. 87–92.
Alderman, Sheri, et al. “Cholestatic Hepatitis After Ingestion of Chaparral Leaf: Confirmation by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Liver Biopsy.” Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 19(3) (1994): pp. 242–247.
Anderson, I.B., et al. “Pennyroyal Toxicity: Measurement of Toxic Metabolite Levels in Two Cases and Review of the Literature.” Annals of Internal Medicine 124 (1996): p. 726.
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Chapter 22: Liver Transplantation
1. Crippin Jeff “Bone Disease after transplantation”. Liver Transplantation, Vol 7, No 11 Nov 2001.
2. Thomas, Ryan et al. “Infection With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus and Liver Transplantation: A Role for Interferon Therapy Before Transplantation”. Liver Transplantation Vol 9 no 9 2003.
3. Emond, Jean et al. “ Optimizing the use of Donated Cadaver livers: Analysis and Policy Development to Increase the Application of Spit-Liver Transplantation”. Liver Transplantation Vol 8 No 10 Oct 2002.
4. Statistics from UNOS website www.unos.org.
5. Angelis. Michael et al. “ Impact of Donor Infections on Outcome of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation”. Liver Transplantation Vol 9 No 5 2003.
6. Nair, Satheesh et al. “ Effect of race on outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation a cohort study”. Lancet Vol 359 2002.
7. Dunkelberg, Jeffrey et al. “Sirolimus as primary Immunosuppression in Liver Transplantation”. Liver Transplantation 2003 Vol 9 No 5.
8. Nef, Guy et al. “A retrospective Review of Sirolimus (Rapamune) Therapy in orthotopic liver transplant Recipients diagnosed with Chronic Rejection”. Liver transplantation Vol 9 No. 5 2003.
9. Forman, Lisa et al. “The Association Between hepatitis C Infection and Survival After orthotopic liver transplantation” Gastro 2002; 122: 889-896.
10. Saigal, Sanjiv et al. “ Evidence of Differential Risk for Posttransplantation Malignancy based on Pretransplantation Cause in patients Undergoing liver Transplantation” Liver Transplantation Vol 8, No 5 2002.
11. Saab, Sammy et al. “ Is it Cost-Effective to Treat Recurrent hepatitis C infection In orthotopic Liver Transplantation patients?”. Liver transplantation Vol 8, no 5 2002.
12. Imber, Charles, et al. “ hepatic Steatosis and Its Relationship to transplantation”. Liver transplantation Vol 8 may 2002.
13. Castells, Lluis et al. “Clinical Impact and Efficacy of lamivudine Therapy in De Novo hepatitis B Infection After Liver transplantation”. Liver transplantation Vol 8 No 10 2002.
14. Pruthi, Jatinder et al. “ Analysis of Causes of Death in Liver transplant Recipients Who Survived More Than 3 years”. Liver Transplantation Vol 7 no 9 2001.
15. Beringuer, Marina et al. “ Contribution of Donor Age to the recent Decrease in Patients Survival Among HCV-infected liver Transplant Recipients”. Hepatology 2002; 36: 202-2210.
16. Halpern, Scott et al. “Solid- Organ Transplantation in HIV-Infected patients” NEJM Vol 347, No 4 July 2002.
17. Hunt, John et al. “Histological Recurrence and progression of hepatitis C After OLT: Influence of immunosuppressive regimens”. Liver Transplantation Vol 7 No 12 2001.
18. Uemoto, Takatsuki et al. Weaning of Immunosuppression in living donor liver transplant recipients” Transplantation 2001; 72: 449-454.
19. Manzarbeitia, Cosme et al. “ Safe use of livers From Donors With Positive Hepatitis B Core Antibody”. Liver transplantation 2002; Vol 8 no 6.
20. Roberts, John. “Priorization of patients With Liver cancer Within the MELD System”. Liver transplantation Vol 8, no 4 2002.
21. Weisner Russell et al. “ MELD and PELD: Application of Survival Models to Liver Allocation”. Liver transplantation Vol 7 No 7 2001.
Shiffman, Mitchell et al. Living Donor Liver Transplantation; summary of a Conference at the NIH”. Liver transplantation 2002, Vol 8 No 2.
Ash, S.R., et al. “Clinical Effects of A Sorbent Suspension Dialysis System in the Treatment of Hepatic Coma (the Biologic-DT).” International Journal of Artificial Organs 15 (1992): pp. 151–161.
Belle, Steven, et al. “Changes in Quality of Life After Liver Transplantation Among Adults.” Liver Transplantation and Surgery Vol. 3, No. 2 (1997): pp. 93–104.
Belle, S.H., et al. “Liver Transplantation in the United States: Results from the National Pitt-UNOS Liver Transplantation Registry.” In: Terasaki PI, Cecka JM (eds) Clinical Transplants 1994. Los Angeles: UCLA Tissue Typing laboratory (1995): pp. 19–35.
Belli, L., et al. “Early Cyclosporine MonoTherapy in Liver Transplantation: A 5 Year Follow-Up of A Prospective Randomized Trial.” Hepatology 27 (1998): pp. 1524–1529.
Bizollon, T., et al. “Pilot Study of Combination of Interferon Alfa and Ribavirin as Therapy of Recurrent Hepatitis C After Liver Transplantation.” Hepatology 26 (1997): pp. 500–504.
Broznick, B.A. “Organ Procurement: Fulfilling A Need.” Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl 1) (1988): p. 1010.
Burke, Anne, et al. “Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic Liver Disease.” Clinics in Liver Disease Vol. 2, No. 4 (November 1998): pp. 839–850.
Charlton, Michael, et al. “Predictors of Patient and Graft Survival Following Liver Transplantation for Hepatitis C.” Hepatology 28 (1998): pp. 823–830.
Colledan, Michelle, et al. “A New Splitting Technique for Liver Grafts.” Lancet Vol. 353 (May 22, 1999): pp. 39–43.
Czaja, A.J., et al. “Natural History, Clinical Features and Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis.” Seminars in Liver Disease 4 (1984): pp. 1–12.
Dickson, E.R., et al. “Prognosis in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: Model for Decision Making.” Hepatology 10 (1989): pp. 1–7.
Eastell, R., et al. “Rates of Vertebral Bone Loss Before and After Liver Transplantation in Women with PBC.” Hepatology 14 (1991): p. 296.
Emond, JC., et al. “Improved Results of Living-Related Liver Transplantation with Routine Application in A Pediatric Program.” Transplantation 55 (1993): pp. 835–840.
European Mycophenolate Mofetil Cooperative Study Group. “Placebo-Controlled Study of Mycophenolate Mofetil Combined with Cyclosporine and Corticosteroids for Prevention of Acute Rejection.” Lancet 345 (8961) (May 27, 1995): pp. 1321–1325.
Farmer, D.G., et al. “Current Treatment Modalities for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” Annals of Surgery 219 (1994): p. 236.
Feray, C. “An Open Trial of IFN Alpha Recombinant for Hepatitis C After Liver Transplantation.” Hepatology 22 (1995): pp. 1084–1089
Fox, I.J., et al. “Treatment of the Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type I with Hepatocyte Transplantation.” New England Journal of Medicine 338 (1998): pp. 1422–1426.
Gane, Edward, et al. “Long-Term Outcome of Hepatitis C Infection After Liver Transplantation.” New England Journal of Medicine 334 (1996): pp. 815–820.
Gerlach, J.C., et al. “Hepatocyte Culture Between Three Dimensionally Arranged Biomatrix-Coated Independent Artificial Capillary Systems and Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell C0–Culture Compartments.” International Journal of Artificial Organs 17 (1994): pp. 301–306.
Gish, R.G., et al. “Ganciclovir Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Liver Transplant Recipients.” Hepatology 23 (1996): pp. 1–7.
Greenson, J.K., et al. “Histologic Progression of Recurrent Hepatitis C in Liver Transplant Allografts.” American Journal of Surgical Pathology 20 (1996): pp. 731–738.
Heathcote, E.J., et al. “The Canadian Multicenter Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Hepatology 19 (1994): pp. 1149–1156.
Heneine, W., et al. “No Evidence of Infection with Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus in Recipients of Porcine Islet-Cell Xenografts.” Lancet 352 (1998): pp. 695–698.
Hoofnagle, J.H., et al. “Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic Liver Disease: Executive Statement and Recommendations.” Summary of a National Institutes of Health Workshop Held December 6–7 1996, Bethesda, Maryland. Liver Transplantation and Surgery Vol. 3, No. 3 (May 1997): pp. 347–350.
Houssin, D., et al. “Controlled Liver Splitting for Transplantation in Two Recipients: Technique, Results and Prospectives.” British Journal of Surgery 80 (1993): p. 75.
Hughes, R.D., et al. “Evaluation of the Biologic-DT Sorbent-Suspension Dialyser in Patients with Fulminant Hepatic Failure.” International Journal of Artificial Organs 17 (1994): pp. 657–662.
Jurim, O., et al. “Liver Transplantation for Chronic Hepatitis B in Asians.” Transplantation 57 (1994): pp. 1393–1395.
Klion, F.M., et al. “Prediction of Survival of Patients with PBC.” Gastroenterology 102 (1992): pp. 310–313.
Kowdley, K.V., et al. “Primary Live Cancer and Survival in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation for Hemochromatosis.” Liver Transplantation and Surgery 1 (1995): p. 237.
Kruger, M., et al. “Famciclovir Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Recurrence After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation-A Pilot Study.” Hepatology 22 (1995): p. 449A.
Lindor, K.D., et al. “Effects of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Survival in Patents with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.” Gastroenterology 110 (1996): pp. 1515–1519.
Makowka, L., et al. “Pig Liver Xenografts as a Temporary Bridge for Human Allografting.” Xenobiotics 1 (1993): p. 27.
Marcellin, P., et al. “Pretransplantation Interferon Treatment and Recurrence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Liver Transplantation for Hepatitis B-Related End-Stage Liver Disease.” Hepatology (1994): pp. 6–12.
Margarit, C., et al. “Maintenance Immunosuppression Without Steroids in Pediatric Liver Transplantation.” Transplant Proceedings 21 (1989): pp. 2230–2231.
Markowitz, et al. “Prophylaxis Against Hepatitis B Recurrence Following Liver Transplantation Using Combination lamivudine and Hepatitis B Immune Globulin.” Hepatology 28 (1998): pp. 585–589.
Mazariegos, G.V., et al. “Weaning of Immunosuppression in Liver Transplant Recipients.” Transplantation 63 (1997): pp. 243–249.
Metselaar, H.J., et al. “Recovery of Failing Liver After Auxiliary Heterotopic Transplantation.” Lancet 335 (1990): p. 115.
Molloy, R. Michael, et al. “Recurrent NASH and Cirrhosis after Liver Transplantation.” Liver Transplantation and Surgery Vol. 3, No. 29 (March 1997): pp. 177–178.
Moritz, M.J., et al. “Heterotopic Liver Transplantation for Fulminant Hepatic Failure: Bridge to Liver Regeneration.” Transplantation 50 (1991): p. 524.
Niederau, C., et al. “Survival and Causes of Death in Cirrhotic and in Noncirrhotic Patients with Primary Hemochromatosis.” New England Journal of Medicine 313 (1985): p. 1256.
Osorio, R.W., et al. “Predicting Recidivism After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation.” Clinical Research 41 (1993): p. 86A.
Padbury, R.T.A., et al. “Steroid Withdrawal from Long-Term Immunosuppression in Liver Allograft Recipients.” Transplantation 55 (1993): pp. 789–794.
Padbury, R., et al. “Withdrawal of Immunosuppression in Liver Allograft Recipients.” Liver Transplantation and Surgery 4 (1998): pp. 242–248.
Porayko, M.K., et al. “Bone Disease in Liver Transplant Recipients: Incidence, Timing and Risk Factors.” Transplantation Proceedings 23 (1991): pp. 1462–1465.
Poulos, P. “Liver Transplantation for Hereditary Hemochromatosis.” Digestive Diseases and Sciences 14 (1996): p. 316.
Powell, L.W., et al. “Does Transplantation of the Liver Cure Genetic Hemochromatosis?” Journal of Hepatology 16 (1992): p. 2